This journal applies an Article Processing Charge (APC) for accepted manuscripts to support publication activities, including editorial management, peer review administration, manuscript editing, online publication, digital hosting, and long-term archiving services.

The Article Processing Charge is only applied after the manuscript has successfully passed the peer review process and has been formally accepted for publication. Detailed information regarding the publication fee will be communicated directly to the corresponding author during the acceptance stage.

There is no submission fee. Authors are not required to pay any charges before the peer review process, editorial evaluation, or acceptance decision. The APC is intended solely to support the sustainability, quality, and open access dissemination of the journal’s publishing services.