This journal applies an Article Processing Charge (APC) for accepted manuscripts to support publication activities, including editorial management, peer review administration, manuscript editing, online publication, digital hosting, and long-term archiving services.

The Article Processing Charge is applied only after the manuscript has successfully passed the peer review process and has been formally accepted for publication. Detailed information regarding the publication fee will be communicated directly to the corresponding author during the acceptance stage.

There is no submission fee. Authors are not required to pay any charges prior to the peer review process, editorial evaluation, or acceptance decision. The APC is intended solely to maintain the sustainability and quality of the journal’s publishing services and open access dissemination.